At least the ones we've heard of thus far. My worry is, at this point, that this sample (though tiny) does accurately represent the population, and that appeals are being rejected out-of-hand and without regard for the laws that the parking tickets are supposed to be enforcing.

This isn't even something we can solve with 'throwing the bums out' because these aren't elected officials, they're bureaucrats. If a single appeal (which is automatically rejected) is the only recourse for a $20 (or $50) before having to go to the courts, in Lowell, with a court cost of $240, how is this just?